课文
Not for jazz「不适合演奏爵士乐」
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.
译:
我家有件古乐器,被称作古钢琴,是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了, 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了,因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛,损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊,不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
词
shock:v.使不悦或生气,使生气「特指不高兴地震惊」surprise:v.使震惊「高兴和不高兴地吃惊」
damage:**n.损害,损失,伤害**
The storm has done a lot of damage to the vilage.「暴风雨给这座村庄造成了很大的损失」
vt.损害,毁坏,损坏
The car was badly damaged in the accident.「在这次事故中,这辆车受到了严重的损坏」
**vt. vi.触摸,碰**
You are not allowed to touch the vase.「你们不许碰花瓶」
You can look at the pictures, but you can’t touch them「你们可以看这些画,但不可以摸」.
vt.谈及,涉及,关系到
A rise in the cost of living touches everyone.「生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系」
made in「产地或时间」
This bike was made in China.「这辆自行车是中国造的」
It was made in 1988.「他生产于1998年」
made of「用某种材料制成,通常制造后不改变材料性质或形状」
This chair is made of wood.「这椅子是木制的」
made from「用数种材料制成,制造后改变原性质或形状」
Paper can be made from wood.「用木材可以造纸」
made by「由谁制造」
This skirt was made by Mary.「这裙子是玛丽做的」
句子
被动语态
结构:be + done
除了主动语态就是被动语态。
中文:我认为…,他认为…。
被动语态:…被认为…
应用范围
① 及物动词才有「有宾语才有被动」
② 不及物动词+介词「单独vi.没有被动,加上介词构成宾语才有被动」
be+done「be表示被动的时间状态,体现主语的单复数,done表示发生的动作」
eg: Classrooms are cleaned every day.「教室每天被打扫」
被动语态与时态相结合
He is beaten every day.「他每天被打」
He was beaten yesterday.「他昨天被打了」
He will be beaten tomorrow./He is going to be beaten tomorrow「他明天将要被打」
He is being beaten.「他现在正在被打」
Note:在被动语态后跟by+人名,表明动作由谁做的
双重所有格
’s结构的所有格可用于of结构之后,出现这种情况通常是一个名词前通常只用一个限定词,如在son一词前,不会同时使用this和my两个限定词,只能说this son of mine「我的这个儿子」,故出现双重所有格形式:
a friend of my father’s「我父亲的一位朋友」
an uncle of hers「她的一个叔叔」
He is a friend of mine「他是我的一个朋友」
课文句子
It is called a clavichord.「被称做古钢琴」
call在这为「把…称作,称呼」,既可用于被动语态,又可用于主动语态:
What do you call this?「你们把这称为什么?」
They call him big Tom.「他们叫他“大个子汤姆”」
It has belonged to our family for a long time.「我们家有这件乐器已经很久了」
belong为不及物动词,因此不能用于被动语态。它是一个表示状态的词,不是行为动词,所以不能用于进行时态,常用于一般现在时和一般过去时:
This farm belongs to me and it has belonged to my father before me.「这个农场现在属于我;在此之前它属于我的父亲」
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.「她在击琴键时用力过猛,损坏了两根琴弦」
并列连词and这里相当于so,表示后一句是前一句的结果:
He fell heavily and broke his arm.「他摔得很重,手臂都摔断了」